Pratistha Gyawali Immigration policies need to be brought into the st century if the U.S. is to remain competitive. Image credit: Getty Images via daylife Global demand for advanced degree holders, combined with U.S. immigration policies, is causing America to lose some of the worlds brightest minds. After funding their studies and awarding them degrees, America forces some ,
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BCBG outlet, for example, provide more than percent of their annual permanent visas on an employment basis. The United States: a mere percent. The U.S. cant sustain such a brain drain, especially since international students seem to have more interest than U.S. students in the kinds of degrees the economy requires �C in advanced science, technology, engineering, and mathematics, the socalled STEM fields. The International Institute of Education reported a percent increase in the number of international students studying the STEM disciplines in the United States during the past academic year, . During the period , the number of foreignborn students receiving science and engineering doctorates from U.S. universities increased percent, six times the rate for U.S. citizens. Graduate students in STEM fields mostly finance their education through research assistantships, teaching assistantships and grants �C which are often funded the federal government. In , for example, percent of STEM doctorate recipients were international. Almost all of them depended on assistantships and grants. Federal funding for such programs in came to $ million. The investment is worth it. According to a report the American Enterprise Institute and Partnership for a New American Economy, percent of the patents awarded to applicants at the top patentgenerating U.S. universities in had foreignborn inventors. Of these patents,
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BCBG on sale, . American jobs. Indeed, between and foreignborn STEM workers founded half of the firms in Silicon Valley. Despite their contributions to the U.S. economy, it is difficult for many STEM graduates to stay in America. The reason is U.S. immigration policy. STEM graduates can stay in the United States for up to months after they graduate for what the government calls Optional Practical Training. Afterwards, they must petition for one of the , standard employment HB visas or one of the , visas for advance degree holders made available each year to all international students regardless of graduate fields. This year, petitions for HB visas reached the limit within two months. If attained, an HB visa is valid for three years, with a possible sixyear extension. Next, one must gain an employmentbased green card,
BCBG dress, issued to , workers annually from all industries, STEM workers included. Not all foreignborn students are top flight, of course, but its obvious that valuable talent is leaving Americas shores for countries offering moreattractive opportunities. One Chinese program, for example, gives Chinese scientists who return home free housing, a bonus of million yuan or $, and prestigious academic titles. American businesses understand the need for reform. Venture Capitalist John Doer suggests we staple a green card to the diploma of anyone that graduates with a degree in the physical sciences or engineering in the U.S. The late Steve Jobs, founder of Apple, had urged the United States to offer a visa to any foreign student who earned an engineering degree from a U.S. university. U.S. taxpayers are investing heavily in international students �C particularly those in the STEM fields. It would make sense to invest in their retention as well, so the United States can reap the benefits of their talents and future economic contributions. To do this, immigration policy needs to be reformed. Pratistha Gyawali is a graduate student in international economics at Brandeis University and a summer research associate at the American Institute for Economic Research, Great Barrington, Mass.
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